Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis

C.N.Forbes (1920)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Violaceae Genus: Viola

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems: Lateral stems ascending to decumbent, ca. 10–50 cm long, glabrous, rhizomes few–branched, subterranean.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, widely spaced. Blades reniform–cordate, broadly or depressed–reniform, broadly cordate, or broadly rhombic–orbicular, unlobed or rarely 3–lobed, (1.5–)2–5 cm long, (1.5–)3.5–6(–9) cm wide. Base broadly cuneate. Surfaces glabrous or with a few minute hairs. Margins crenate. Petioles 1–30(–42) cm long. Stipules thin, submembranous, lanceolate, (3–)6–9(–14) mm long, (1.5–)3–5 mm wide, glabrous, margins serrate, the glandular teeth 0.1–0.3 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils. Flowers bisexual (perfect), cleistogamous flowers produced, usually occurring on short lateral stems. Pedicels 15–90 mm long, bracteoles well above middle of peduncle. Calyx of 5 sepals, subequal, prolonged into appendages below the point of insertion, persistent; chasmogamous flowers with sepals oblong–lanceolate, upper and lower ones (4–)8.2–8.7 mm long, lateral ones (4–)9.1–9.5 mm long, all sepals distinctly prolonged at base; cleistogamous flowers upper and lower sepals ca. 6–7 mm long, lateral ones ca. 7–8 mm long. Corolla zygomorphic, consisting of 5 distinct petals, these unequal, lateral ones smaller than upper pair; chasmogamous flower petals white on upper surface, lower surface purple or blue to white, narrowly spatulate, glabrous, upper petals ca. 15–19 mm long, lateral ones ca. 18–23 mm long, Iower one ca. 18–25 mm long, slightly saccate at base, apex of all petals notched, slightly asymmetrically so in lateral ones; cleistogamous flower petals greenish, glabrous, upper ones ca. 1–1.6 mm long, 3-lobed, lateral ones linear, 3–4.5 mm long, lower one oblong–spatulate, ca. 4–5.2 mm long, scarcely saccate at base. Stamens 5, staminal filaments coherent around ovary; anther connective of lower Stamens prolonged into an appendage, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; chasmogamous flowers upper stamen sterile, connective of lower ones prolonged; cleistogamous flowers upper stamen sterile, petaloid, lateral ones petaloid, lower one more similar to those in chasmogamous flowers. Ovary superior, 3-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal; ovules numerous per placenta, anatropous; chasmogamous flower style geniculate and with a low, somewhat distinct crest; cleistogamous flower style closely pressed against stamens .

Fruit: Capsules with loculicidal dehiscence; 8–13 mm long; deeply lobed; elastically dehiscent by rigid keels and thin valve walls. Seeds numerous; brown; obovoid; 2–2.1 mm long; 1.1–1.3 mm in diameter; smooth; apex rounded; seed coat somewhat leathery; dull; with fleshy; oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Open bogs.

Elevation Range: 630–640 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occasional Papers of the Bishop Museum Vol VII No. 3. P. 34 (1920)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1334 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2701 Kauai US 1895-00-00
2 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2701 Oahu US 1895-10-19
3 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai US 8/8/1972
4 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open boggy places in swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stauffer, H.U. 5911 Kauai BISH 4/24/1964
5 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 166 K Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
6 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Sadleria-Dubautia shrubland Machaerina angustifolia, Labordia waialeale, Metrosideros waialeale. Viola kauaiensis, Bidens forbesii, Plantago pachyphylla PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 24128 Kauai BISH 9/18/2014
7 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stone, b.c. collector number: 1650 Kauai BISH 1/2/1957
8 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN macdaniels, l.h. collector number: 606 Kauai BISH 2/8/1927
9 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 166.K Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
10 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Woolford, H.A. 397 Kauai BISH 12/28/1956
11 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN woolford, h.a. collector number: 397 Kauai BISH 12/28/1956
12 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information on Hymenophyllum lanceolatum H. and A PRESERVED_SPECIMEN stauffer, h.u. dehler, r. collector number: 5911 Maui BISH 4/24/1964
13 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 10845 Hawaii BISH 12/29/1930
14 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 10845 Kauai BISH 12/29/1930
15 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 166.k Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
16 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 166 k Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
17 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In swamp only. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 166.k Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
18 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN MacDaniels, L.H. 606 Kauai BISH 2/8/1927
19 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B.C. 1650 Kauai BISH 1/2/1957
20 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Open bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 13555 Kauai BISH 12/24/1933
21 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in a pull-off area on left of road on the way up the mountain. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13555 Oahu BISH 12/24/1933
22 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In swamp only. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 166.K Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
23 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Sadleria-Dubautia shrubland Machaerina angustifolia, Labordia waialeale, Metrosideros waialeale, Bidens forbesii, Metrosideros, Perrottebia sandwicensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 24287 Kauai BISH 1/8/2015
24 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2415 Kauai PTBG 5/22/1972
25 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.; peterson, b.; peterson, g.; flynn,t. collector number: 5202 Kauai BISH 12/22/1983
26 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5202 Kauai BISH 12/22/1983
27 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN charles n. forbes forbes 166 MO 8/8/1909
28 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Windswept ridges in wet forest. Trees only occur in areas protected from prevailing trade winds. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Merlin Edmonds ME364 Kauai PTBG 8/28/2015
29 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 15 Kauai PTBG 2/3/1981
30 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Lowland Wet Bog. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3805 Kauai PTBG 12/5/1994
31 Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis C.N.Forbes Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In bog PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2415 Kauai BISH 5/22/1972